본고는 ‘어휘부-유추 기반 형태론’을 실증적 방법으로 뒷받침하기 위하여 시작된 심리언어학적 실험을 활용한 형태론 연구의 방법을 우리말 혼성어에 대한 연구 사례를 중심으로 소개함으로써 심리언어학적 실험을 활용한 형태론 연구 방법론의 전망을 공유하고자 한다. ‘어휘부-유추 기반 형태론’은 구성주의적 관점의 형태론 연구이며, 기능주의적 형태론의 한 양상이라고 할 수 있다. 모든 우리말 단어를 관찰 가능한 언어 현상으로 이해함으로써 ‘심리적 어휘부의 내용과 조직’에 대한 연구를 진행하고자 하였고, 보편적 인지 과정으로서의 단어 형성을 ‘유추’를 바탕으로 설명하고자 하였을 뿐 아니라, 심리적 어휘부에 저장된 단어가 의사소통 과정에서 사용되는 상황과 맥락을 ‘어휘 접근과 어휘 정보 인출’이라는 어휘부의 기능에 포함시켜 포착하려고 하기 때문이다. 심리언어학적 방법을 활용한 현재까지의 연구는 대부분 어휘판단과제라는 심리학적 실험과 해당 실험 결과에 대한 통계적 검정이라는 방법을 활용하여, 형태론 연구의 다양한 층위에 존재하는 문법 단위의 심리적 실재성을 검증하고자 하였는데, 본고는 그러한 연구 방법론을 종합적이면서도 구체적으로 소개함으로써 구성주의적이고 기능주의적 형태론 연구의 저변이 확대될 수 있도록 돕는 디딤돌을 놓고자 한다.

이 연구는 단어 형성 기제로서 작용하는 유추를 유형화하고, 유추 유형에 따른 신어의 형성 양상을 계량적으로 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 그를 위하여 이 논문에서는 신어 자료를 대상으로 삼는다. 신어는 기존의 단어를 기반으로 그것의 형식과 의미를 활용하되, 기존 단어의 형식을 일부 변형하는 방식으로 형성되는 경우가 많아 유추에 의한 단어 형성 양상을 다양하게 보여 줄 수 있기 때문이다. 유추의 유형은 유추의 모형, 모형 단어와 표적 단어 사이의 유사성, 유추의 축이 되는 고정요소라는 기준에 따라 유형을 나눌 수 있다. 신어의 형성에서 우세하게 작용하는 유추의 유형들은 본질적으로는 유추의 틀과 밀접한 관련성을 가지는 것으로 확인된다. 이것은 단어의 형성이 궁극적으로는 의미를 나타내기 위한 것에서 출발한다는 점을 고려할 때, 모형 단어와 표적 단어가 공유하는 고정요소와 그를 기반으로 하는 유추의 틀이 가진 ‘의미’가 신어 형성에서 가장 중요한 요인으로 작용하기 때문인 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

이 글에서는 혼성어와 관련한 연구들을 살펴보고 그 성과와 의의, 한계와 과제에 대해 논의한다. 혼성어는 최근 들어 활발하게 만들어져 사용되고 있는 동시에 전통적인 복합어와는 형성과 해석, 변화 과정에 있어서 상당한 차이를 보여서 신어 및 단어형성론 연구에서 관심의 대상이 되어 왔다. 다양한 용어 및 개념의 등장에 따른 혼란을 피하고 보다 생산적인 방향으로의 논의를 꾀하기 위하여, 그동안 축적되어 온 연구의 성과를 검토할 필요가 있다. 이 글에서는 혼성어의 개념과 범위, 혼성어 형성 시 형태 결정의 문제, 구성 요소의 지위와 그 변화, 연구의 방법과 대상 자료, 혼성어의 형태론적 지위 등에 관한 문제를 대상으로 삼아, 기존 연구에서 쟁점이 될 만한 사항을 중심으로 정리하고 방향성에 대해 논의하였다.

본고는 ‘추측’과 ‘후회/아쉬움’을 의미하는 ‘-을걸’의 통사, 의미 특성을 살피고 이러한 특징들이 보여주는 바가 무엇인지를 설명하는 데에 목적을 둔다. 이에 ‘-을걸’의 통사ㆍ의미적 특성을 정리하여 살피고, ‘-을걸’이 ‘추측’을 의미할 때에는 인식양태에 해당하고 ‘후회’를 의미할 때에는 동적양태에 해당함을 보인다. 또한 ‘후회’를 의미할 때 나타나는 통사ㆍ의미적 특징이 ‘자기조응적’ 특성과 호응함을 이야기한다. 한편, ‘-을걸’은 의미별로 문법 지위에서 차이가 나타난다. ‘-을걸’이 ‘추측’을 의미할 때는 종결어미이지만 ‘후회’를 의미할 때에는 연결어미에 해당하는데, 이것은 탈종속화된 정도의 차이에서 비롯된 것으로 볼 수 있다.

한국어 전통 문법에서 단어(기, 씨)의 ‘바꿈’에 관한 초기 연구는 올바른 문장 구성을 위해 기능적 목적으로 도입된 ‘품사 변화’에 초점이 있었다. 주시경(1910)의 ‘기몸박굼’이 대표적이다. 이후 ‘뜻바꿈’과 ‘몸바꿈’을 균형적으로 서술한 김두봉(1916)에서 ‘의미 변화’에 관한 탐색이 본격화되었고, 그 결과 더욱 넓은 영역으로 ‘바꿈’의 쓰임이 확대된다. 최현배(1930, 1934, 1936)을 거쳐 최현배(1937)에 이르는 일련의 논저는 ‘바꿈’이 또 다른 단계에 진입한 모습을 보여 준다. ‘씨끝바꿈’, ‘꼴바꿈’ 중심의 ‘형태 변화’를 활발하게 논의하면서, 종래의 품사 변화, 의미 변화와는 또 다른 영역으로 ‘바꿈’의 외연을 확장한다. 그 과정에서 씨끝바꿈을 주도하는 ‘씨가지’의 역할이 크게 부각되고 아울러 ‘단어 구성’에 관한 관심이 싹트게 되면서, ‘씨의 짜힘, 단어의 조성’을 통해 단어형성론과 직접 관련한 기술들이 문헌에 등장하게 된다. 이 글은 주시경(1910), 김두봉(1916)에서 시작하여 최현배(1937)에 이르기까지 ‘바꿈’을 둘러싼 계승 및 변화 양상을 논의하였다.

This paper analyzes the footing shift by focusing on an interviewer’s questioning from the conversation of a Korean TV news interview. By dividing the interviewer’s questions into adversarial questions and non-adversarial questions, this study investigates what footing shift functions and what the interviewer wants to achieve through it. The analysis of the news interview reveals that footing shift in adversarial questions performs a function of defense. The interviewer attributes the responsibility of remarks that criticize and refute interviewees to a third party so that they can defend themselves against the criticism of attacking interviewees. On the other hand, the footing shift in non-adversarial questions is used to introduce a new topic to the conversation. The interviewer speaks on behalf of a third party when the new topic indicates one’s position on a contentious topic. It enables the interviewer to entirely conceal his personal opinion and lead the discussion in depth. In conclusion, footing shift in questions allows an interviewer to satisfy institutional demands of the news interview. Furthermore, it is found that interviewees collaborate to preserve the interviewer’s stance of footing shift in their responses.

The purpose of this study is to examine seven korean women s languages whose value has declined as a result of changing the meaning. ‘kyeycip’, ‘nyeon’, ‘manura’, ‘yeopyeonne’, ‘agassi’, ‘ajumma’, ‘eonni’ are women s languages commonly used in modern korean. When they were used at first, they were honorifics or general form, but now they are also used as low form. Each word has been added the evaluation results such as disappointment that falls short of certain expectations, derogation, and sexual objectification based on disrespect for women. This study will examines the use of words from middle korean to modern korean and summarizes the aspect of their pejoration.

he purpose of this study is to explore the language attitude of 20s toward genderlect. This study focused on the representation of genderlects in South Korean dramas, and was based on the media reception theory. In the research, 32 men and women aged between 19 to 24 were interviewed in focus groups. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The research results are as follows. First, the participants partially recognized the characteristics of genderlect which were reported in previous studies, and the opinions among the participants hardly agreed. Second, the way which dramas represent genderlect was shown as breaking away from traditional gender roles and the reestablishment of overturned gender roles. Third, this study categorized the positive and negative responses of the participants toward the use of gender language. Fourth, participants’ attitude toward genderlect was gradually arranged from negotiation to opposition. This study is meaningful in that it comprehensively demonstrated the language attitudes of the younger generation. However, there still remains a margin on further research in consideration of non-binary participants and broader contexts.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the usage of address terms for professors by undergraduate and graduate students by the sociolinguistic methodology. To this end, this paper applied an integrated approach that combines quantitative analysis based on the response results of multiple-choice questions in the survey and qualitative interpretation based on the response results of subjective questions in both the survey and the in-depth interview. First, through quantitative analysis of the variation in the use of address terms, it was confirmed that “professor” occupies an overwhelming proportion and that the academic field of the speaker is the most important factor. The higher the intimacy with professors, the more “teacher” was used. Next, through the qualitative interpretation of the reason and meaning of using their choice of address terms, the most basic and superficial reason was to follow the experiences and customs in the affiliated community. The use of “professor” had some reasons or meanings such as meeting courtesy and expectations, highlighting privileged status, and equal respect for all the faculty members, whereas “teacher” was used as an expression of intimacy.

By reviewing different theoretical backgrounds behind knowledge, politics, and power of language in critical approaches to applied linguistics, this study introduces a newly constructed foundation for critical research, so called, Foucault’s ‘thoughts from outside.’ In order to understand Foucault’s experience of the outside, this study firstly explores the meanings of prohibition and transgression in literary texts, in which Foucault reflected the question of ‘limits.’ For example, research on Georges Batalille’s works provided an opportunity to consider the meaningfulness beyond the limitation of language. In the late works of governmentality and subjectification, Foucault also reinterpreted Kant’s concept of enlightenment and critique in the philosophy of actuality, defined as the ‘arts of existence’ or ‘critical ontology of ourselves.’ In this study, the critique as ethos is re-valued in an on-going inquiry and experimentation for the autonomous self-constitution of subject, which can be placed in the critical study of language, education, and society. Possible areas of research and L2 education (e.g., translingual practice, identity construction, narrative education) related to Foucault’s technological ways of living, as well as the limitations of this study, are also discussed.

This action research explores an effective teaching method for EFL teacher’s questioning types in a Korean online university context. By reviewing the previous studies on teachers’ questioning types which have been categorized mostly by cognitive linguistic tradition, this study sorts out the different questioning types from socio-linguistic perspective using the Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) framework. These new categorized questioning types are applied to instruct the participant students (57) who were majoring in English and were mostly interested in TESOL (Teaching English to the Speakers of Other Languages) certificate program provided by the online university in Korea. Using a series of lecture content, two assignments, and an online discussion board, these newly added questioning types (offer and request types replacing command) were successfully taught in an online lecture entitled ‘Classroom English and Communication’ in the first semester of 2021. With a mixed analysis method, this study explains the procedures of various classroom tasks and analyzes the assignment data and online discussion board texts. This teacher classroom communication consisting of instruction and questioning needs to be reconsidered due to this study’s findings and its pedagogic implications that are clearly based on socio-linguistic perspectives.

This study aims to critically analyze how gendered spaces and gender images are expressed verbally and non-verbally in the latest information and communication advertisements. The results showed that the gendered space appeared although it had nothing to do with the information and communication devices or advertisement content. The gender-specific spatial distinctions and restrictions fully reflected the stereotypes of gender roles. Sexist images also emerged in the verbal and non-verbal expressions with images of women being reproduced in a more negatively compared to that of men. Regarding frequency, many aspects limited and revealed “the differing interests and characteristics of gender”, which were expressed both verbally and non-verbally. The emphasis on women s appearance stood out non-verbal, albeit superfluously. It is a problem that these gender images and perceptions are fixed or reproduced through mass media.

This study aims at investigating how the international students attitudes towards English have changed over th last 3 years in Korea. Forty international students participated in the questionnaire survey three times in 2018, 2019 and 2020. The results were shown as follows: Overall, the mean score of attitudes towards English decreased proportionally over time. English use has also decreased over time. When analyzing these attitudes towards English by the degree of English proficiency, the group with higher English proficiency at the time of admission had a more higher score of attitude to English in three year questionnaire surveys. In addition, these attitudes towards English have changed in small in the group of higher English proficiency over time, while the big change appeared to the group of lower English proficiency. The results of this study imply that English-based international students attitudes towards English are likely to change over time in Korea, and that groups with relatively low English proficiency are more likely to change than groups with higher English proficiency.

This study is a follow-up of Lee (2018) providing a quantitative variationist analysis on the variation of English loanword expressions for ‘smartphone application’ in Korean: ayp, ephul, ayphullikheyisyen, and ephullikheyisyen. Two different data sets including search term frequency ratio from Naver Data Lab and sociolinguistic survey responses from 335 participants regarding the usage of the four loanword variants were examined to identify the usage pattern of the lexical variable. Both search term frequency data and survey responses confirmed that the usage of clipped variants, ayp and ephul, were clearly preferred to their full-formed variants. Logistic regression analyses on the survey data reported that survey takers with higher educational background and more experience in English speaking countries favored using ayp and ayphullikheyisyen. This study argues that Korean speakers with higher education background and more exposure to English favored ay- variants because they considered those variants as more appropriately generated loanwords than e-variants.