The purpose of this study is to analyze and to provide suggestions to the government as developers and managers of RUSUNAWA to make it more effective and efficient in building and managing it. This research was conducted in three locations of rented low-cost flats in North Sumatra, namely RUSUNAWA Kayu Putih, RUSUNAWA Seruwai Belawan, and RUSUNAWA Binjai. The majority of respondents in this study were women who were in the productive age group of 30–40 years, but economic difficulties forced them to live in low-cost flats. This phenomenon shows that in the productive age poverty also occurs. This research applied a quantitative descriptive method by selecting three locations of RUSUNAWA in two cities in the North Sumatra Region and involving 200 tenants as respondents. The data was obtained by observing, interviewing, and distributing research questionnaires, and then were processed by SEM-PLS. The results showed that the factors determining the tenants to rent RUSUNAWA in North Sumatra Province are convenience, attractiveness, sanitation, cleanliness, design, and the location offered. It indicates that a healthy and clean environment, the condition of the building, and the facilities offered become the priorities for the tenants.

This study aimed to analyze pro-environmental behavior (PEB) in students affected by environmental knowledge, green self-image (SI), and ecological attitude (EA). This survey research involving 249 respondents, with data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires. Relationships between variables were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results show that environmental attitude and green SI positively affect ecological attitude and pro-environmental behavior. The results of subsequent studies indicate that ecological attitude has a positive impact on pro-environmental behavior. This study also shows that the direct effect of SI and EK is relatively small on pro-environment behavior. PEB can be enhanced by increasing green SI and consumer knowledge about environmental protection. It would be better if attitudes toward environmental protection are also considered because the results of this study indicate that attitudes have the most substantial influence in shaping PEB. This research was conducted in Indonesia, which geographically differs from other countries because Indonesia is a tropical and agricultural country with a large land area with thousands of plants as natural protectors. This condition is different from countries on other continents so that the pro-environment behavior also becomes different. These study results strengthen earlier findings of the positive relationship between green SI, EK, EA, and PEB.

RTD tea, which is the most popular soft drink choice after bottled water, has experienced trade challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of managerial capabilities, strategic alliance and strategic innovation on product lifecycle management and corporate performance is moderated by the social media in RTD tea companies. The research method used in this research is a quantitative approach with data processing using SemPls. The results showed that the Managerial Capabilities variable did not have a significant effect on Marketing Performance, the Managerial Capabilities variable did not have a significant effect on Product Lifecycle Management, the Product Lifecycle Management variable had a significant effect on Marketing Performance, the Social Media variable was proven to mediate PLM Marketing Performance, the Strategic Alliance variable did not have a significant effect on Marketing Performance. The Strategic Alliance variable had no significant effect on Product Lifecycle Management, the Strategic Innovation variable had a significant effect on Marketing Performance, and the Strategic Innovation variable had a significant effect on Product Lifecycle Management.

This study aims to analyze the effect of board of commissioners’ membership, based on several factors such as the existence of female commissioners, expatriate members, and their educational background on corporate social responsibility disclosure with institutional ownership as a moderating variable. The data used in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the 2014–2018 period. The sampling technique used was the nonprobability sampling method with purposive sampling technique in order to obtain 244 observations. The data analysis technique used in this study is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA); there was also classical assumption test. The results showed that the existence of female members on board of commissioners, the diversity of educational backgrounds of a board of commissioners, and the inclusion of foreign commissioners can increase the disclosure of corporate social responsibility. This research also shows that institutional ownership can play a moderating role in affecting the aforementioned variables in increasing corporate social responsibility disclosure of companies. This research can provide benefits, especially for companies whose production processes have an impact on the environment and society. It is important to carry out corporate social responsibility in order to be responsible for the environment and society.

This study attempts to look at workplace harassment through an entirely novel lens of protection motivation theory. The theory suggests the appraisal of threat and the coping ability determine an individual’s protection behavior. In this study, we have examined how the threat of harassment affects employees’ behaviors. This study utilized cross-sectional research design and quantitative information through an online survey using a two-step approach from 563 employees of different organizations worldwide. It analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results indicated main two constructs, Threat appraisal (perceived severity, perceived vulnerability) and coping appraisal (response efficacy, self-efficacy), were both found to be positively related to the employee’s protection intention and behavior. Besides, employee’s intention significantly mediated the threat appraisal and coping appraisal with employee’s behavior. Overall, results show the importance of protection motivation theory as a significant and influencing factor in workplace harassment, employees’ intention, and behavior. Our study offers a novel and new way to look at the phenomenon of workplace harassment and the process of forming protective behavior in a workplace. The theory can be extended to other workplace threats to develop novel and interdisciplinary views by meteorological change as an exploratory and experimental approach.

This research aims to study and develop a potential indicator of Japanese technology and business innovation policy adoption in the context of Thailand business operations to serve as a guideline for creating an effective competency development model of organizational technology and business innovation policy adoption. This research uses a questionnaire as an instrument for data collection and data analysis, and this survey was distributed to a sample group of executives from 57 organizations related to joint ventures involving Japanese technology and business innovation in Thailand. The data was further analyzed using a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to estimate the relationships between the latent variables in the structural model of the study. The research results reveal that the measurement model is consistent with the examined empirical data. Moreover, its reliability exceeds the standardized criteria for indicator development. Therefore, it can be concluded that such a potential indicator of Japanese technology and innovation business policy acceptance consists of three main factors: core competency, innovation absorptive capability, and quality of employees. Furthermore, seven sub-indicators were identified: flexibility, achievement motivation, knowledge management, personnel participation, continuous improvement, efficiency-related changes, and personnel diversity. These indicators will be beneficial for further strategy and planning applications.

ASEAN countries have entered into many free trade agreements, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows have become the engine of economic growth of these countries. Intrigued by the situation, we conducted this research to examine the relationship between trade openness and FDI inflows to ASEAN countries with the moderation effect of free trade agreements (FTAs). Our research used panel data of 21 countries (including Vietnam) that are members of FTAs related to ASEAN countries from the World Bank dataset and reported on a country level from 1995 to 2019. First, the three econometric models, pooled OLS, fixed effects (FEM), and random effects (REM) were applied to test three research hypotheses. Next, the assumption of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation was tested through White’s test and Wooldridge’s test, and resulting in that generalised least squares (GLS) was selected because it is an appropriate econometric model with the dataset. The research found the positive impact of trade openness and FTAs on FDI inflows significantly, and the moderating role of FTAs in the relationship between trade openness and FDI inflows significantly at 0.01 level. Our research findings contribute to validate the FDI theory. These results imply that to attract FDI inflows, FDI oriented governments should increase their economy’s trade openness and join many free trade agreements.

This paper employed the panel Unit root tests, co-integration, and panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine the link between banks’ profitability and its determinants for 13 Jordanian commercial banks between 2000 and 2018. Pooled mean group (PMG) and dynamic fixed effect (DFE) models were applied. Hausman test result confirmed that DFE was preferred to PMG. The results confirmed the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between commercial banks’ profitability and their determinants. In the short-run, banks’ profitability in Jordan is positively related to return volatility. However, this is negatively related to credit risk and market concentration. In the long run, profitability is positively related to credit risk and negatively related to operational risk, bank size, stock market volatility, and market concentration. Credit risk and capital have bi-direction causality with banks’ profitability, while GDP and market concentration have uni-direction causality. At present, the Jordanian economy during the Covid-19 pandemic triggered the banking sector’s impact on the economy as the sector contributed to 20.8% GDP in 2019. The findings can help stakeholders such as bank managers, investors, shareholders, and policymakers make better decisions on banks’ performance, thereby contributing to their economies.

This paper examines the relationship between efficiency and management risks and profitability ratios in eight of the thirteen Saudi banks listed on the Saudi Capital Market Authority over the period 2005 to 2019. This study employs panel data and two specific Estimation Methods were adopted: Panel ordinary least square (POLS), and panel feasible generalized least square (PFGLS). These two methods were used to identify the imbalances represented by autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity coming from fixed and random effects related to cross-section and periods data set. The results show that the profitability of Saudi banks is negatively affected by increasing the capital adequacy ratio and current ratio and positively affected by the employment ratios. It also found that managing banking risks represented by bad debts and credit risk was a significant negative effect on the profitability of banks. These results clearly show that Saudi banks have an excess of liquidity and an increase in the capital adequacy ratio that sometimes exceeds international standards (Basel III), positively affects the investment of funds and thus the profitability of banks. Hence, managers of Saudi Arabia’s publicly listed banks must formulate prudent monetary policies to solve the liquidity crisis and increase profitability.

Purpose: The international business is affected by significant cultural factors that may impediment the operation and the ultimate performance of a business organization. The current study aims to investigate prior literatures works to find cross-cultural discrepancies such as the cultural distance that impacts international companies operations and management and develop appropriate strategies for realizing high performance while overcoming these challenges. Research design, data and methodology: To find the required sources, the study employed the use of secondary data. Different search strategies were used to find the necessary materials from various sources. The data composed of an extensive review from multiple peer-reviewed journals and other existing research. Results: Based on literature analysis, the current study suggests novel seven strategies for multinational organizations. As a result, this study provides various pieces of literature to deduce meaningful information on the appropriate business strategies that a company can use to bridge the gap of the limitations of cross-cultural impacts on international businesses. Conclusion: An organization moving into a new cultural environment faces challenges including tastes and preferences, norms, language barriers, and beliefs. Organizations, therefore, have to devise the best strategies to align themselves with the prevailing cultural conditions to reap the benefits of internationalization.

Increasing competition that is becoming more competitive in the non-profit industry, especially increasing organizational pressure to develop, such as lowering costs, making workers more optimal, and doing things better with cost efficiency. Organizational demands include searching and recruiting resources which are capable of directing, maintaining, and developing organizations in various target communities and current developments. This paper aims to evaluate and analyse the effect of transformational leadership on organizational performance mediated by organizational learning and organizational commitment. This research was conducted with the help of descriptive methods at A-certified Child Welfare Institutions (LKSA) in Indonesia. The total sample size used in this research consisted of 185 respondents. The approach used in this research is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS) 3.0 analysis tools. The results showed that Transformational Leadership which has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Performance, Organizational Learning and Organizational Commitment. Organizational Learning has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Performance, Organizational Commitment has no significant effect on Organizational Performance, Organizational Learning is able to mediate the effect of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance, and Organizational Commitment is unable to mediate Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance.

The study aimed to investigate the concept of collective achievement spirit (CAS) developed from the need for achievement theory as a new approach to motivating salespeople. This study used a sample of 348 salespeople from the life insurance industry using a questionnaire. Data analysis technique employed structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS 22. The results showed that the spirit of empowering oneself and others in selling activities can improve sales performance. In addition, a customer-oriented team and a leadership style with a team spirit are believed to be the main motivators which enhances the enthusiasm of a sales person to achive the expected level of performance in sales related activities. The findings of this study suggest that increasing CAS in salespeople can be done through the staffing process policy in sales team by prioritizing core value ownership in individual salespeople, namely religious values oriented towards creating service value to customers. Efforts to improve the orientation of the team leader towards the achievement of team performance can be done by implementing a career break requirement policy or the requirements to become a salesteam leader.

This study aims to test the economic consequences of the tournament incentive. First, we investigate the impact of the pay gap among top executives and the pay gap between executives and employees on audit pricing using a large sample of Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2019. Then, we test the moderating role of ownership property, technological complexity and corporate governance in the association between the executive pay gap and audit fees. Findings indicate that the executive pay gap is positively associated with audit fees. The positive association between the executive pay gap and audit fees is more pronounced in private firms, firms with fewer R&D expenditures, and firms with smaller proportion of independent directors. Further studies suggest that large executive pay gap motivates managerial opportunistic behaviors, resulting in more accrual-based earnings management and real activities manipulation. Our results, consistent with managerial power theory, show that auditors assess firms with large executive pay gap as high risk and incorporate the audit risk and audit business risk associated with the executive pay gap into audit pricing. The results provide further evidence for regulators to strengthen supervision on the executive compensation, especially the executive compensation of state-owned enterprises and firms with weak corporate governance.

Regional banks are said to be the backbone of any economy as it has a direct bearing with financial and economic development. Profitability of the banks, especially in regional banks, is imperative, since it leads to the financial stability of a nation. This study investigates factors affecting the profitability of 189 Regional Development Banks with research information from 2012 to 2020. The results of the study show that external factors have a positive and very significant effect on profitability, meaning that economic growth, inflation, and bank certification are important in increasing the profitability of Regional Development Banks (RDBs). Internal factors give a large negative value when a large bank provides minimal profitability. Government intervention will reduce the profitability value. The Policies of Bank Indonesia and the Financial Services Authority (FSA) have a positive effect on RDBs’ profitability but are not a major factor. The findings of this study suggest banks receive a major part of their net income from interest income but they can also earn income from non-interest income that makes a big contribution to bank profitability. The study results however show that banks non-interest income does not have an optimal effect on the banks’ profitability although interest income optimally impact banks’ profitability.

This study aims to investigate the importance of firm value and the factors that affect the firm value of trading companies listed on the Vietnamese stock exchange, thereby enhancing the current literature related to this topic in our country. The factors that affect firm value include firm size, capital structure, profitability, sales, and liquidity whereas firm value is represented by the value of equity. This work employed a data set with 925 observations, which are trading firms listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange over a nine-year period from 2011 to 2019 with the support of STATA version 2016. Applying the quantitative method, we first find that firm size is of the greatest importance to firm value. It refers that the value of a large company is of a higher rank than a small company. On the other hand, capital structure is found to have a negative impact on firm value. Furthermore, we find that the other independent variables (profitability, sales, and liquidity) are statistically insignificant in the regression model. This means that those mentioned factors do not affect firm value. More importantly, the research also suggests that both firm size and capital structure are crucial for firm value in the trading industry in Vietnam.

This study examines the effect of financial innovation (FI) and bank competition on firm value. FI is the act of creating new financial instruments as well as new financial technologies, institutions, and markets. The study used the sys-GMM estimation technique based on data extracted from 26 commercial banks in Nigeria and Malaysia over the period 2009 to 2019, totaling 286 observations. Given the results of the study, FI has a significant negative effect on firm value in Nigeria, and bank competition has a significant negative effect on firm value in Nigeria. By contrast, FI has a significant positive effect on firm value in Malaysia, and bank competition has a significant positive effect on firm value in Malaysia. The return on asset (ROA), bank size, GDP growth, and the inflation rate are significantly related to firm value. The interactive effect (FI * COMP) has a significant positive relationship with firm value in Nigeria and Malaysia. The empirical study confirms the notion that FI is a real driver of economic progress, competitiveness, and economic development. According to the study, policymakers should address the weaknesses exposed by the financial crisis, which contributed to the introduction of various current financial regulatory frameworks to capture the risks posed by the FI process.

ntrepreneurship is viewed by economists to be a combination of innovation and risk-taking. When such activity thrives, high growth rates are achieved as well as opportunities offered to all segments of society. Oman’s government encourages continuously entrepreneurship to confront the rising number of fresh graduates annually, vis-à-vis the continuing high unemployment rate and the low national recruitment rate, especially following the recent decline in oil prices. This research aims to examine the extent of youngsters’ entrepreneurial intention, especially among tertiary students in Oman, to venture into entrepreneurship through flea market retailing. Therefore, this study has adopted the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine the extent of the entrepreneurial intention of 291 final year students as primary survey data collected from colleges of applied sciences in Oman, and the data was analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM). The study concludes that market analytics can develop students’ intentions through affecting the three factors of Ajzen’s model – attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (Ajzen, 1991) – to become potential entrepreneurs in flea markets in Oman. This research adds value in both theory and practice by identifying that students with greater access to market analytics have stronger entrepreneurial intentions to pursue the entrepreneurial field, provided that they have the entrepreneurial attitude and support of the community.

Strategic Intelligence (SI) is a business tool within strategic management and is gaining importance as a process that enables companies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. This study explores the current SI state in small and medium enterprises in Iraq, electrical and electronic industries. For this purpose, a questionnaire model was developed to test the relationship between strategic intelligence dimensions and sustainable competitive advantage in its various dimensions. The study sample includes 60 respondents from managers, department heads, and managers of production units in small and medium-sized companies operating in Iraq during 2020. The results of multiple regression analysis show the presence of a (statistically significant) impact of the strategic intelligence dimensions (information systems, knowledge management, competitive intelligence, business intelligence). On the dimensions of the core capabilities, the efficiency of the organization, the strategic flexibility, and the creative culture. However, there is no statistically significant effect of the strategic intelligence dimensions (information systems, knowledge management, competitive intelligence, business intelligence) on the information technology dimension. This study provides theoretical and practical implications to help managers develop sustainable competitive advantages through the capabilities provided by SI in small and medium industrial enterprises in Iraq.

This research aims to examine and analyze the positive effects of game dynamics towards intrinsic motivation and enjoyment, the positive effect of intrinsic motivation towards enjoyment and work engagement, the effect of positive enjoyment towards work engagement, as well as the positive effect of game dynamics towards work engagement. This research uses Self Determination Theory and gamification strategy to explain the relationship between variables. The data was collected from 226 permanent employees of Startup companies located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia through questionnaire distribution. The obtained data was analyzed using the AMOS Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) model. The assessment of this questionnaire uses 5-point Likert scale. The results show that game dynamics has a positive effect towards intrinsic motivation as opposed to enjoyment, intrinsic motivation has a positive effect towards enjoyment as opposed to work engagement, and finally, enjoyment and game dynamics have a positive effect towards work engagement. The theoretical implication is that this research fills the research gaps regarding the antecedents and consequences of Self-Determination Theory. Finally, this research proposes several solutions to relevant problems on how companies and organizations need to implement game dynamics to positively affect employees’ behavior, especially from intrinsic motivation, work engagement, as well as enjoyment.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the consumers’ attitude and intention toward using social media by adopting the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This study further develops a comprehensive framework by identifying Knowledge Sharing Factors and Social Influence Factors as moderating variables that influence the relationship of attitude and behavior intention toward using social media. Based on the literature review, a research framework questionnaire is developed and conducted to test the research hypothesis in this study. The questionnaire survey method is employed to collect data from relevant social media, whereby 309 valid responses are used in the analysis. The results reveal that three TAM factors, namely, the impact of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment are indeed the antecedents of attitude and behavior intention toward social media adoption. Also, the results indicate that social influence factors (social networking, social norms, and social trusts) and knowledge sharing factors (altruism, expected reciprocal benefit, and expected relationships) have moderating effect on the relationship between attitude and behavior intention toward social media. This research provides a comprehensive framework as important reference for professionals to develop social media marketing plan as well for academicians to conduct further validation.