본 연구의 목적은 어린이 전용 수영장 서비스품질과 재미요인을 통해 수영 강습 만족도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하는 것이다. 연구목적의 달성을 위한 자료의 수집은 서울 강남구 지역의 어린이 전용 수영장에 다니고 있는 초등학교 1학년, 2학년, 3학년들을 통하여 이루어졌다. 분석에 사용된 유효 표본은 총 563부였다. 수집된 자료를 분석하기 위한 도구로 SPSS 25.0 통계 프로그램이 사용하였다. SPSS 23.0 통계 프로그램은 조사도구의 타당도와 신뢰도, 가설 검증을 위하여 사용되었다. 결론적으로, 어린이 전용 수영장을 운영하는데 있어 이와 같은 주요요인들에 집중하여 운영 및 관리를 실시한다면 실제 참가자인 초등학생들의 만족도를 높이고, 나아가 어린학생들의 유능성, 성취성 제고및 균형 있는 신체발달을 통한 전인적 발달에도 도움을 줄 수 있는 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것이다.

본 연구에서는 아이스하키 동호회 참여자의 레크리에이션 전문화가 스포츠몰입에 미치는 영향을 규명함으로써 생활 스포츠의 균형적 발전과 대중스포츠로서 자리 잡을 수 있는 방안을 규명하고자 한다. 아이스하키 동호회 운동 전사전 동의를 받은 후 회원들에게 설문 작성방법 및 기입 방법에 대해 설명한 후 비확률 표본 추출법 중 할당표본추출 법을 사용하여 총 230부의 설문지를 배부하였다. 배부된 설문지 중 회수하지 못한 16부의 설문지와 무응답 또는 불성실하게 응답했다고 판단되는 12부의 설문지를 제외하고 202부의 자료가 본 연구에 활용되었다. 첫째, 레크리에 이션 전문화의 하위요인 중 경험, 중요성, 중심성은 심리적 몰입에 통계적으로 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 숙련도는 심리적 몰입에 통계적으로 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 레크리에이션 전문화의 하위요인 중 중요성, 물리적 열정은 교육적 몰입에 통계적으로 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 필라테스 강사의 커뮤니케이션 스타일이 교육만족과 재참여 의도에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 연구의 자료를 확보하기 위해 전국 여성 필라테스 수강자 300명을 대상으로 표본을 추출하였으며, 불성실한 표본을 제외한 223부를 연구에 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 수집된 자료는 SPSS 25.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여 분석하 였으며, 응답자의 인구통계학적 특성의 분석을 위하여 기술통계분석을 실시하였다. 설문도구의 신뢰도와 타당도를 확인하기 위해 탐색적 요인분석 및 신뢰도 분석을 실시하였다. 독립변수와 각 하위요인이 종속변수의 각 변인에 미치는 수준을 알아보기 위하여 다중회귀분석(multiple regression analysis)을 실시하였다. 분석결과 필라테스 강사의 커뮤니케이션 스타일은 교육만족과 재참여 의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 학교스포츠클럽 활동 무용수업 참여자들의 감성지능, 신체적 자기효능감, 학교적응 간의 관계를 규명하는 것이며 학교스포츠클럽 활성화를 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 데 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 중학생 226명의 설문지를 사용하였다. 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 통해 분석되었다. 첫째, 감성지능의 하위요인은 신체적 자기효능감의 하위요인인 인지된 신체능력과 신체적 자기표현 자신감에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신체적 자기효능감의 하위요인인 인지된 신체능력은 학교적응의 모든 하위요 인에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 감성지능의 하위요인인 타인감성이해, 감성의 활용, 자기감성이해는 학교적응의 하위요인인 학교친구, 학교교사, 학교규칙 및 환경, 학교수업에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 향후 학교스포츠클럽 무용수업에 관한 연구에 기초자료가 되었으면 한다.

이 연구는 델파이 기법을 활용해 대학 태권도관련학과 학생들의 해외취업 향상을 위한 교육프로그램에 대한 발전방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 이 연구 목적을 위하여 전문가 24명을 대상으로 델파이 기법을 활용하였으며, 이때 중앙치, 사분위값, 범위 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 23.을 활용하였다. 이 연구의 연구는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학 태권도관련 학과 학생들의 해외취업 향상을 위한 교육프로그램에 필요한 교육요소에 대한 모든 질문들에서 전체 태권도 전문가들의 의견이 수락의 일치를 나타냈으며, ‘전공실기(품새, 시범, 겨루기 전체의 균형적인 실기능력 향상을 위한)프로그램’과 ‘합법적 신분문제준비와 해결을 위한 프로그램’에 대한 질문에서 태권도 전문가들의 의견이 수락의 높은 동의와 가장 높은 의견일치를 나타냈다. 따라서 대학은 이 연구에 제시된 교육요소들에 대한 교육프로그램 개설과 교육이 필요하다. 대학 태권도관련학과 학생들의 해외취업 향상을 위한 교육프로그램의 우선순위에 대한 질문에서 ‘전공실기(품새, 시범, 겨루기 전체의 균형적인 실기능력 향상을 위한)프로그램’(전체 응답률=87.5%), ‘해외 태권도장 프로그램지도를 위한 영어 교육프로그램’, ‘다양한 수업 지도법 프로그램’,‘지도자 자질함양(철학 및 인성)이 필요한 교육프로그램’(전체 응답률=83.3%), ‘해외 태권도장 경영운영을 위한 실무영어 교육프로그램’(전체 응답률=75.0%)순으로 우선순위를 나타냈다.

스포츠로 인한 자연환경의 변화는 스포츠, 선수, 조직, 그리고 참여자에게 영향을 주고 있다. 스포츠의 잠재성을 고려해 볼 때 향후 스포츠의 자연 의존성은 점차 증가하게 될 것이며, 4차 산업혁명의 도래와 함께 신물질과 제품들의 개발은 자연환경에 지속적으로 더 큰 부담을 주게 될 것이다. 이 연구는 기존의 스포츠와 자연환경의 이슈를 연구해 왔던 기존의 연구들과는 차별화된 학문적 시각으로 생태학적 접근을 통해 스포츠와 자연환경의 관련성을 고찰해 보고자 한다. 결론적으로, 첫째, 스포츠와 환경 생태학적 접근을 통한 스포츠 환경법 적용이 절실히 필요하다. 둘째, 스포츠 지속가능성을 위한 사회 전반적인 자연환경윤리의식이 요구된다. 셋째, 스포츠 소비로 인해 발생하는 유해물 질을 최소화할 수 있는 기술적 연구와 지원이 필요하다.

본 연구의 목적은 베이비붐세대 여가스포츠 참여자들을 대상으로 코치지원과 성취목표성향 및 운동지속의도의 구조적 관계를 규명하는데 있다. 본 연구의 대상자는 서울, 경기, 강원도, 경상도 및 전라도 지역에서 여가스포츠에 참여하고 있고 코치에게 지도를 받았던 경험이 있는 베이비부머 338명을 대상으로 정하였다. 본 연구의 자료처리는 SPSS 18.0과 AMOS 18.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 확인적 요인분석, 구조방정식 모형분석을 실시 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 코치지원은 과제성취목표성향에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 코치지원은 자기성취목표성향에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 과제성취목표성향은 운동 지속의도에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 자기성취목표성향은 운동지속의도에 긍정 적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 코치지원은 운동지속의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 코치지원과 운동지속의도의 관계에서 성취목표성향의 하위요인인 자기성취목표성향은 불완전매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 코치지원은 여가스포츠 활동을 지속하는데 있어서 매우 중요하다는 것을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Taekwondo instructors employment instability on job burnout and turnover intentions and to improve the employment environment and working conditions of Taekwondo instructors. In order to proceed with this study, 385 samples of Taekwondo instructors who are teaching trainees at Taekwondo gym were used for final analysis. the collected data, To analyze SPSS /WIN Ver. 25.0 program was used for The result of this study is as follows. First, employment instability had a positive effect on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization factors and had a negative effect on the factors of decrease in personal achievement. Second, employment instability had a positive effect on turnover intention. Third, among the sub-factors of job burnout, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization had a positive effect on turnover intention. And the decrease in the sense of accomplishment had a negative effect on the intention to turn over.

The purpose of this was to investigate the relationship between grit, paychological capital, and perception of errors in Taekwondo context. Total 289 Taekwondo athletes, registered in Korea Taekwondo Association as a player, participated in this study. Data were collected by using a structured survey and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, correlation, and structural equation model. As a result, the model fit indices were revealed as a ‘good model fit.’ Specifically, the perseverance of effort, a subscale of grit, had a positive effect on the psychological capital and the perception of errors while the consistency of interest had not. Also, psychological capital had a positive effect on the perception of errors. In conclusion, this study identified the importance of perseverance of effort to promote Taekwondo athletes’ psychological capital and perception of errors.

OBJECTIVES To compare the aerobic and anaerobic energy system contribution during 1500m running between collegiate untrained (UT) and endurance trained (ET) subjects. METHODS Five Asian UT (age: 23.8 ± 0.4 yrs, body fat %: 15.9 ± 5.7 %, height: 174.0 ± 4.1 cm, weight: 65.5 ± 4.1 kg) and 5 Asian ET male participants (age: 24.4 ± 3.9 yrs, body fat %: 12.9 ± 6.9 %, height: 169.4 ± 5.1 cm, weight: 60.6 ± 8.1 kg) participated in this study. Participants attended 3 sessions to determine their body composition, submaximal and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) test, 1500m track running session (RS) and 1500m treadmill RS. The maximally accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) method was used to calculate energy system contribution. RESULTS The times for the 1500m track run for the UT and ET were 428.0 ± 48.7 and 331.6 ± 14.0 seconds (p=0.004) respectively. There were no significant differences in VO2 between the 1500m track and treadmill RS indicating the participants ran to their personal best times for both trials. The mean VO2max(mL·kg-1·min-1) were significantly different between UT (45.1 ± 5.0) and ET participants (58.3 ± 2.2) (p=0.002). The mean relative contributions of the aerobic and anaerobic energy system during 1500m running were significantly different for the UT, 65.4 ± 7.0%, 34.6 ± 7.0 and ET, 75.7 ± 1.5%, 24.3 ± 1.5 % (p =0.011). CONCLUSIONS The point of equal contribution of the aerobic and the anaerobic systems occurred after thirty to forty seconds of intensive exhaustive running after which the aerobic contribution continues to increase while the anaerobic contribution decreases with increasing duration. By the end of 60th second of exhaustive running, the ET mean aerobic contribution is 71.5% compared to the UT’s 58.6%. This finding suggests a greater reliance on the aerobic energy system by the ET.

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to figure out the effects of kendo training on the activity of brainwaves by analyzing changes in brainwaves during chudan-no-kamae and three-movement-striking, which are basic movements of kendo, in elementary school students who undergo kendo training and comparing left and right side brainwave activities to find out differences. METHODS This study was conducted with 29 male elementary school students living in K City who were experts in kendo with a career as an athlete or a kendo training period not shorter than six months. The brainwave activity was measured by measuring and analyzing brainwaves at eight regions at the prefrontal lobe, the frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, and the occipital lobe using brainwave measuring equipment. Brainwaves were measured for 5 minutes in a sitting position in a stable state and were also measured for 5 minutes after 15 minutes of the chudan-no-kamae movement, which is aiming at the opponent with the point of the sword while moving along eight moving lines of the opponents, and for 5 minutes after 15 minutes of three striking movements. RESULTS Alpha waves showed higher brainwave activity during the stable state than during the kendo movements (three striking movements, chudan-no-kamae) while SMR, M-beta, and H-beta showed higher brainwave activity after kendo movements than during the resting state. The asymmetry between the left and right sides increased after the movements compared to during the resting state. CONCLUSIONS These results are considered attributable to kendo training that partly increased their concentration thereby increasing brainwave activity. However, it is unclear that kendo training will be helpful for concentration through physical activities and brain activity in this study. Therefore, further study should be conducted with the measurement of factors related to emotional aspects, concentration, and brainwaves according to kendo training.

This study focused on the ethics education needed in Taekwondo and looked into the connection between Taekwondo and ethics education. First, people will experience physical ability improvement and mental maturity through Taekwondo. Besides, they learn about patience; self-control; and consideration for others through your own control. Through group training at a taekwondo studio, the relationship between seniors and juniors and self-restraint through repeated training will also be learned. Second, the Taekwondo needs to establish ethics and moral philosophy. These areas are taught by applying the university sports and personality education at the Taekwondo gym. However, high school athletes are facing the actualities of neglecting their mental and philosophical education because they spend a lot of time on practical grades focused on college entrance exams. As an alternative to this, institutional methods are needed in schools to reflect these educational aspects in the regular curriculum. Third, Taekwondo is carried out with the aim of promoting mental improvement, focusing on physical training, so it trains and educates to harmonize the mind and body.

The study is an experiment to find out the effects of taking the Taekwondo as one of the liberal arts courses among college students on their social physique anxiety and obesity stress. The subjects of the study are 152 male and female college students attending B University in metropolitan city A, including 79 students who have volunteered to take the Taekwondo as one of the liberal arts courses and 73 students in control group. The Taekwondo course have lasted 15 weeks with one two-hour session per week. The statistics program SPSS 25.0K has been used data processing and covariance analyses with the advance values of measurements as covariates to compare the averages between the two groups. The research findings are as follows. First, taking the Taekwondo as a liberal arts course is found to have a positive effect on the social physique anxiety of college students. Second, taking the Taekwondo course is found to have a positive effect on obesity stress among college students. These findings are expected to serve as a basis to explain the need and importance of Taekwondo as one of the liberal arts courses in college to promote positive psychological and emotional changes among college students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the non-verbal communication of the instructor perceived by college taekwondo athletes, satisfaction with exercise performance, and the intention to continue exercise. For the purpose of research, a total of 268 people were used as statistics program SPSS Ver. Using 23, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted, and the following conclusions were obtained. First, it was found that non-verbal communication had an effect on satisfaction with exercise performance. Specifically, it was found that body language and appearance language of non-verbal communication had a statistically significant positive (+) effect on the team performance of satisfaction with exercise performance. Second, it was found that non-verbal communication had an effect on the intention to continue exercise. Specifically, it was found that the body language and appearance language of non-verbal communication had a statistically significant positive (+) effect on motor continuing intention.

OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) on ankle range of motion (ROM) and balance in older women. METHODS The 20 older women with a history of falls participated in the study, and the study subjects were randomly divided into the IASTM group (n=10) and control group (n=10). RESULTS There were no significant interactions between group and time for ankle ROM and functional reach after 8 weeks of IASTM on older women (P>0.05). Meanwhile, there were significant interactions between group and time for one-leg standing and star excursion balance (P<0.05), and in particular, the IASTM group had greater improvements compared to the control group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the regular application of IASTM has been shown to improve the balance of older women with a history of falls.

The purpose of this study is to find out what a Self-cultivation meaning of virtue is in Taekwondo. For this, it was based on Lao-tzu s theory of discipline. Lao-tzu discipline is the process of learning Dao and saving human utopia. The concrete practice of this is based on Sinbeop(身法) and Simbeop(心法). The realization of the Dao revealed by Sinbeop(身法) is relief. In the exercise of taekwondo skills, the relief of breathing helps to control the strength of the technique used and trains the body part, so that the posture is correct. Therefore, Sinbeop(身法) is josik(調息) and josin(調身). Simbeop(心法) is emptying as the realization of the Tao revealed while governing the mind. Emptying abandons greed and maintains a normal spirit, thus smoothing the technique of the workshop. Mastering the perfect skill makes you feel confident, rather emptying your mind and creating immobility. Therefore, Simbeop is a normal mind(平常心) and an Budongsim(不動心). Therefore, in Taekwondo, the derivative meaning of virtue can be said to be josik and the josin, as well as the normal mind and the Budongsim.

OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of K-tape on dynamic postural stability of the injured limb in adolescent athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI) by measuring reach distance with the modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT). METHODS Twenty volunteers (20 females [17.78 ± 1.22 yrs], height [163.89 ± 7.69 cm], mass [62.51 ± 9.81 kg]) with CAI. Four strips of K-tape were applied to the injured limb. Participants completed 4 trials of testing (2 with tape, 2 without tape) using the mSEBT as the assessment tool. We applied 4 strips of K-tape to the injured limb and then tested postural stability using the mSEBT to see if there was an increase of reach distance in the mSEBT. Measuring reach distance in Anterior (AN), Posteromedial (PM), Posterolateral (PL) on the injured limb with K-tape and without K-tape condition. We measured the reach distances and then normalized the distance to account for height differences. A repeated measures t-test was used for this study. RESULTS There is no statistically significant different between the condition with K-tape and without K-tape in the reach distances on the mSEBT in adolescent athletes with CAI. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, there appears to be no improvement of reach distance using the mSEBT in adolescent athletes with CAI. Therefore, clinicians need their thoughtful consideration for applying K-tape to improve dynamic postural stability in adolescent athletes with CAI.

This study was to investigate the period effects of physical fitness on the relationship between BMD(Bone Mineral Density). The subjects consisted of premenopausal group(n=229) and Postmenopausal group(n=159), classification On the level exercise habits: no exercise(Inactivity IA), 2-4 times a month or more exercise group(LA Lower Activity), 2-4 times a week or more exercise group(MA Moderate Activity), exercise group daily(DA: Daily Activity). Experimental data were processed through SPSS 18.0 and analysed using independent t-test, and one-way repeated measures ANOVA tests were conducted and LSD(The Least Significant Difference method) was used for Post hoc test. Compared to premenopausal and Postmenopausal body composition, cardiovascular risk factors and bone mineral density: BFM,% BF, WHR, TC, TG and LDL-C, Glucose significantly lower. LBM, BMD, and Femur BMD was higher in premenopausal women. Exercise frequency of premenopausal and Postmenopausal women: TC, Femur BMD was lower in the LA group and highest in IA group of premenopausal women. Body composition in %BF was lower in the DA group is highest in IA group and SBP,DBP was lower in the LA, HDL-C and highest in DA group of Postmenopausal women. In conclusions, the effect of long-term physical activite influenced positive on body composition, cardiovascular disease, bone density in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Middle-aged Women.

This study analyzes the impact of verbal abuse attitude, thoughts of anger, and expression of anger of college students majoring in physical education on their adaptation to college life. Surveys were conducted on 381 college students majoring in physical education at four universities in D City and G City. SPSS ver. 20.0 was used for the completed questionnaires to conduct descriptive statistics analysis, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, thereby obtaining the following conclusions. It was found that verbal abuse attitude, thoughts of anger, and expression of anger have positive correlation, damage of self-concept and sense of insult, which are sub-factors for verbal abuse experience of college students majoring in physical education, were found to have positive impact on thoughts of anger and expression of anger.

In the last year, we have witnessed an unprecedented pandemic affecting people’s livelihoods and health worldwide. Certainly many people have experienced stress and anxiety arising from enforced social isolation during regional lock-down, quarantine or work-from-home mode. Amidst these negative effects affecting people’s health, we have seen an increase in sales of home fitness equipment and more people getting into countryside for short hiking trips. These efforts are to undo the adverse effect upon people’s physical health due to home confinement. Indeed, the concept of “wellness” has encompassed the intricate links among body, mind, and spirit (World Health Organization’s Constitution to health, https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/constitution). Better physical health often brings along positive mental health. Health and exercise science journals have published plenty of commentary, qualitative and experimental studies focusing on COVID-19 and they have presented this key message: importance of habitual physical activity and exercise as protective measure on COVID-19. Being editor-in-chief of AJK, I would hope to see more publications including intervention studies illustrating effects of physical exercises on all areas related to kinesiology. The message on the importance of “Physical Activity and Exercise” in all phases of human’s lifecycle should have wide dissemination so that more people will act on it.