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The purpose of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of radiation therapy and the effects of COVID-19 to the radiation therapy, which has been known as the main treatment modality of cancer treatment. For this, we reviewed the related articles among the COVID-19 studies that have been published since the development of COVID-19 in 2019. Specifically, we first reviewed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the change to radiation therapy as a treatment modality for cancer treatment. Second, for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, the role of radiation therapy was also reviewed and we tried to clarify the roles. Further, according to the evidence based-medicine in the near future, we expect the role of radiation therapy in the COVID-19 pandemic period.