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º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼´Â ¿¡³ÊÁöÀúÀåÀåÄ¡(ESS)ÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¼º È®º¸¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ÈÀç ¹× °íÀåÀÇ ¿øÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãë¾àÁ¡À» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 2017³â 8¿ùºÎÅÍ 2019³â 5¿ù±îÁö ÃÑ 23°ÇÀÇ ESS ÈÀç°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¸®Æ¬À̿ ÀÌÂ÷ÀüÁö´Â ÈÀç¹ß»ý½Ã ¡®¿ÆøÁÖ¡¯¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ Á¾·áµÉ ¶§±îÁö ÈÀçÁø¾ÐÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó ÇöÀç±îÁö´Â »çÀü¿¹¹æÀÌ ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¹æ¾ÈÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ º» ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ESS ÈÀ翹¹æÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿î¿µ¿¡ ¾Ç¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â º¯¼ö¸¦ Ãß·ÐÇÏ°í °ËÁõÇÏ¿© Ãë¾àÁ¡À» ÆÄ¾ÇÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, À̸¦ ÅëÇÑ Ç¥ÁØ ¹× ¾ÈÀü±âÁØ °³¹ß¹æÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ Á¤¸®ÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
ù°, ¹èÅ͸® º¸È£½Ã½ºÅÛ ¹ÌÈíÀ¸·Î Àü±âÀû À§ÇØ ¿äÀÎÀÎ Áö¶ô․´Ü¶ô¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Àü±âÃæ°ÝÀ¸·Î º¸È£ÀåÄ¡ ³»¿¡ ¹ö½º¹Ù(Bus bar)¿Í ¹èÅ͸® º¸È£ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ ¿ÜÇÔ¿¡¼ 2Â÷ ´Ü¶ô »ç°í°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿Í µÑ°, »êÁö ¹× ÇØ¾È°¡¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ESS°¡ Å« Àϱ³Â÷·Î ÀÎÇÑ °á·Î¿Í ´Ù·®ÀÇ ¸ÕÁö µî¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ±â ½¬¿î ¿¾ÇÇÑ È¯°æ¿¡¼ ¿î¿µµÇ¸é¼ °ü¸® ¹ÌÈí¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼¿°ú ¸ðµâ ¿ÜÇÔ °£ Á¢ÁöºÎºÐ¿¡¼ Àý¿¬ÀÌ ÆÄ±«µÇ´Â °æ¿ì, ¼Â°, ¹èÅ͸® º¸°üºÒ·®, ¿À°á¼± µî ESS ¼³Ä¡ ºÎÁÖÀǽÿ¡ ÈÀç°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ÅëÇÕº¸È£․°ü¸®Ã¼°è ºÎÀç·Î ÀÎÇØ °¢ ESS ±¸¼ºÇ° Á¦Àۻ簡 ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ Energy Management System(EMS), Power Management System(PMS), Battery Management System(BMS)¸¦ Àû¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ SI¾÷ü ÁÖµµ·Î À¯±âÀûÀÎ ¿î¿µÀÌ µÇÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â µî ESS°¡ ÇϳªÀÇ ÅëÇÕµÈ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ¼³°è․º¸È£µÇÁö ¸øÇß´ø Á¡ÀÌ »ç°í ¿äÀÎÀ¸·Î ÆÄ¾ÇµÇ¾ú´Ù.
ESS ÈÀ翹¹æ ¹× ¾ÈÀüÀ» À§ÇÑ Ç¥ÁØÀÌ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î °³¹ß Áß¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ Ç¥Áذú ºÎÇÕÇÏ¿© ±¹³» ESS ½ÃÀå¿¡µµ °ÈµÈ ¾ÈÀü±âÁØÀ» Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çϰí, À̸¦ °ËÁõÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ½ÃÇèÆò°¡ ¹× ½ÇÁõ ±â¹ÝÀ» ±¸ÃàÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹èÅ͸®, PCS, BMS µî °¢ ±¸¼º¿ä¼ÒµéÀÌ À¯±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬°èµÇ¾î ÃÖÀûÈµÈ ¼º´ÉÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇϸç ÈÀç»ç°í ¿¹¹æ¿ë ÅëÇÕ°üÁ¦ ½Ã½ºÅÛ µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥ÁØÈ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ç·áµÈ´Ù.
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In this study, it analyzed weakness of fire and failure to secure energy storage system (ESS). From August 2017 to May 2019, ESS fire occurred 23 times. Due to the characteristic of lithium ion batteries, the fire can not be suppressed until total destruction by fire. The best way is to prevent fire, it is removed the weakness factor. Therefore, this study investigated the development direction of standards and safety standards through inference an d verification of the variables that adversely affect the operation of ESS. The results of this study are summarized as follows.
Firstly, in the event of a second short circuit accident in the enclosure of the bus bar and battery protection device, and electrical shock is caused by in the insufficient battery protection system. Secondly, it is confirmed that fire may occur when the insulation is broken at the grounding part between the cell and the module enclosure, because of insufficient management, insufficient operation and to expose to a large amount of dust. Lastly, there is the lack of integrated protection and management system, each ESS component manufacturer applied different EMS, PMS, BMS, which prevented the ESS from being designed and protected as one integrated system. It was identified as an accident factor. Standards for ESS fire prevention and safety are being developed internationally. In line with this standard, it is necessary to apply the enhanced safety standards to the domestic ESS market, and to establish a test evaluation and demonstration to verify them. In addition, the components such as battery, PCS, BMS, etc. are to achieve optimized performance and standardization of integrated control system for fire accident prevention is necessary.