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The purpose of this study is to review the transformations that took place in the local network from the later and final phases of the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age as a result of exchange or intera...
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The purpose of this study is to review the transformations that took place in the local network from the later and final phases of the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age as a result of exchange or interaction by focusing on the parallel relationship between the Korean Peninsula and surroundings regions. First, the boundaries of ¡®wide cultural areas¡¯ were redefined by including the Tumen River and Maritime Province regions, and the wide parallel relationship was then re-examined. Then, the Far East Agriculture Fishing Hunting Region was subdivided into two zones, respectively, located to the east and west of the Hisao Hsingan Ling (á³ýéäÌÖº)-Changbai Mountains (íþÛÜß£Øæ).
The research findings illustrate that in the later and final phases of the Neolithic Age, ¡®wide cultural areas¡¯ consisted of the zone east of the Changbai Mountains, the zone west of the Changbai Mountains (consisting of the Pianpu (ø¶ÜÂ) cultural area and the Shandong Peninsula exchange area), and Comb-pattern Pottery culture area. Wide networks were established between or within these wide cultural areas through the medium of rice, agricultural technology, symbols and local products. The emergence and growth of local cultures in the Bronze Age resulted in changes in the wide cultural areas. The zone east of the Changbai Mountains experienced little change but exchange with the Shandong Peninsula decreased in the zone west of the Changbai Mountains. In addition, the Pianpu (ø¶ÜÂ) cultural area was reorganized into an assortment of various local cultures, such as the Eastern Coast Culture of the Liaotung Peninsula, the Machengzi Culture (Ø©àòíÙþûù), and the Gaotaishan Culture (ÍÔӿߣÙþûù), all of which shared common elements. The Bronze Age culture of the Korean Peninsula was formed as elements of the cultures of the zones to the east and west of the Changbai Mountains – the North Liao region, Liaotung mountainous area, and the northwest region of Korean Peninsula in the case of the latter – were introduced into the peninsula; it was however, the western zone that has a greater affinity with the Bronze Age culture of the Korean Peninsula.
Transformations in the local network that occurred around the time of the transition to the Bronze Age likely emerged as a result of the exchange of rice and other grain crops; from the advent of the Bronze Age, however, the movement and migration of people, in addition to exchange and trade, came to play a central role in the establishment of local relations.
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