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The aim of this study is to identify the main issues and challenges underlying the legislation of comprehensive anti-discrimination law in Korea by analyzing the problems of current legal system of eq...
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The aim of this study is to identify the main issues and challenges underlying the legislation of comprehensive anti-discrimination law in Korea by analyzing the problems of current legal system of equality laws in Korea.
Complaints of discrimination constituted up to 21.0% of total complaints filed to the National Human Rights Commission during the last fifteen years. Although cases of discrimination complaints have steadily increased over the years since the launching of the Commission, the Commission continues to carry out its investigation and remedy solely through ¡®the Sub-committee for Correction of Discrimination¡¯. A specialized remedial agency for discrimination that a lay citizen can easily access is therefore still lacking. Furthermore, while the recommendations from the Commission have sometimes contributed to redressing the discrimination in the public sphere (e.g., the abolishment of age restrictions in the recruitment of governmental officials) the resolution of these recommendations is not legally binding.
In order to strengthen the remedial power, ¡®the Act on the Prohibition of Discrimination against the Disabled¡¯ and ¡®the Act on the Prohibition of Age Discrimination in Employment and Elderly Employment Promotion¡¯ endowed the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Labor, respectively, with legally binding corrective orders.
However, these have seldom been actually implemented to correct discrimination. The remedial effectiveness of measures against sexual discrimination has also weakened after the abolishment of the Equal Employment Committee (made under the Equal Employment Act) and the Committee for the Betterment of Sexual Discrimination (made under Act on the Prohibition of Sexual Discrimination). These two committees have been repealed as a part of Roh Moo-hyun administration¡¯s policy to integrate various remedial agencies. Finally, the so-called ¡®Act on the Protection of Fixed Term, Part-time, and Temporary Agency Workers¡¯ provides remedies through the Labor Relations Committee, and can enforce punitive damages in addition to corrective orders. However, these measures have not been particularly effective either.
Establishing a specialized remedial agency in order to strengthen the corrective power of anti-discriminatory measures and to enforce effective remedies is therefore key to improving the legal system of equality laws in Korea. Other remaining issues concern better characterizing types of discrimination, legislating regulations of hate speech, and enacting punitive damages. The legislation of comprehensive anti-discrimination law in Korea will also benefit from examining western equality laws. This will help to introduce new effective remedial measures, not all of which may be familiar to the current Korean legal system.
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