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In America, rulemaking is administered through Administrative Procedure Act(¡°APA¡±). APA regulates 'agency' who has the power to issue rules and whether a rule is distinguished as 'legislative' is dete...
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In America, rulemaking is administered through Administrative Procedure Act(¡°APA¡±). APA regulates 'agency' who has the power to issue rules and whether a rule is distinguished as 'legislative' is determined in association with APA. The scope of agency is comprehensive as APA says ¡°agency means each authority of the Government of the United States, whether or not it is within or subject to review by another agency...¡± In particular, whether agency is given the power to issue rules is no longer contested at the phase of construing the Constitution, as traditional non-delegation doctrine is regarded now as a mere delegation standard. APA also says¡° Except when notice or hearing is required by statute, this subsection(notice and comment requirement) does not apply to interpretative rules, general statement of policy, or rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice...¡± However, distinction between legislative rules which have to go through the notice and comment process and others, especially interpretative rules is quite fussy and the Supreme Court uses 'substantial impact test' or 'force of law test' as the needs of the case demand. When employing 'force of law test', the Court considers 'whether in the absence of the rule there would not be an adequate basis for the agency action', 'whether the rule interprets a legal standard or whether it makes policy', 'whether the interpretative rule is consistent with the legislative rule it is supposedly interpreting', 'whether the interpretative rule is inconsistent with a prior definitive interpretative rule', or 'whether the agency contemporaneously indicated that it was issuing an interpretative rule' to determine the legislative nature of the rules.
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