洪汝河(1620~1675)는 17세기 영남의 안동 지역을 중심으로 활동한 학자로, 본고는 文學論과 作詩 樣相 分析을 중심으로 그의 시세계를 분석하고자 한다. 홍여하는 안동부 城東里에서 출생하여 20살 이전에 성균관에서 유학하였다. 홍여하는 35살에 대과에 급제한 뒤 藝文館 檢閱･奉敎, 司憲府掌令･監察 등의 내직을 두루 역임하였으며, 41세가 되던 해에 올린 상소가 宋時烈을 배척했다는 오해를 받아 鏡城府 判官으로 좌천되었다. 그 이듬해에 충청도 黃澗으로 유배되었다가 곧바로 풀려났는데, 이후론 관직에 나가지 않고 고향에서 은거하며 독서에 전념하였다.
홍여하 시의 이론적 기반은 四書集註에 있다. 그는 四書集註를 문장의 典型으로 인식하여, 四書集註의 句法을 익힐 것을 강조하였다. 아울러 『春秋左氏傳』･『史記』･『國語』 등 先秦古文 의 모범이 될 만한 서적을 읽어 독서력을 높이고 작문 실력을 구비할 것을 요청하였다. 작문의 실제에 있어서는 단어･구절의 照應관계를 중요하다고 했다.
홍여하는 고향에 은둔하면서 지식인으로서의 울분과 고뇌를 시로 형상화하였다. 그래서 그의 시에는 철저한 자기 성찰과 세상에 대한 깊은 사색이 담겨 있다. 이런 홍여하의 시세계 첫째, 省察과 修養을 통한 實踐의 강조, 둘째, 遊覽과 交遊를 통한 慰勞와 安分, 셋째, 東史에 대한 관심과 史法의 확립, 넷째 邪說의 배격과 주자 옹호 등으로 그 특징을 구분할 수 있다.

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Hong Yeoha was a scholar who worked mainly in the 17th century of Andong, Youngnam Province. He was born in Seongdon-ri, Andong-bu and studied away from home in Seongyungwan from 20 to 34. Around that time he met Jung gyung se(鄭經世) and Lee sik(李植). They recognized his talent and they praised him to be a big figure of literature later. Hong Yeoha passed the national examination at the age of 35 and served as Yeamungyun gyumyul･byounggyu, Sahunbu gangryung･gamchal. Once he was demoted to Gyungsungpangyun due to misunderstanding that he had excluded 송시열 through a memorial to the king at the age of 41. The next year he was exiled to hwanggan, and then soon was set free. Ater that he retired from office to a secluded life in his hometown and concentrated on reading books.
Like this, he spent more time in studying and teaching than serving for office. While he stayed at hometown he wrote many books such as Hyuchanreysa (彙纂麗史) ･ Dongsajeagang (東史提綱) including the twelve volume of Mokjaejib (木齋集). He completed Hyuchanreysa at the age of 20 and this was made up for Goryesa (高麗史) and then reconstructed in Chich'uant'i. He added comments on Dongsajeagang which was based on Dongguktonggam (東國通鑑) written by Su gyu jung (徐居正). In addition to this, he also wrote saseabakbumgugyul (四書發凡口訣) ･Younghakguea (庸學口義) ･ Yelyagojeang ･(儀禮考證) ･ Hadongsung- youn (海東姓苑), showing his profound learning in Chinese classics･genealogy･a system. Unfortunately, there are no writings still extant, however, there remains a part of writing in his anthology and we can refer to an outline.
Firstly, Hong Yeoha put a great importance on wordsmanship in a variorum edition of Four Books. And secondly he emphasized ancient writings such as Shi ji (史記)･Chunqiuzuoshishuan (春秋左氏傳). Last but not the least, he regarded a sentence agreement with a great importance. Therefore, Hong Yeoha's poetry could be summarized as the followings; Firstly he put an emphasis on practice through reflection and training. Secondly, he thought highly of solace from travel and communication and thirdly he was interested in history and then established historical rules. Lastly, he appealed for Zhu Xi excluding all kinds of silly opinions. But this study is limited to the part of Hong Yeaha's literary works, expecting to compensate for the insufficiency hereafter.

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