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The folktales (fairy tales) and the legends among the various genres of the oral literature preserve the elements of ritual and faith extincted long time ago. Therefore worldwide folktales included th...
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The folktales (fairy tales) and the legends among the various genres of the oral literature preserve the elements of ritual and faith extincted long time ago. Therefore worldwide folktales included the Romanian folktales which were selected, recorded, deciphered and analyzed still up to our days. The tales, in the past, involve the shamanistic function limited by the gender, apart from the aesthetic function. People believed to prevent misfortunes and to protect them from evils through the narration of tales and the various themes which were handled by them became the matrix of the oral literature. This shamanistic function is the element of the 'collectivism' and 'tradition' for the folktales, and the narration of folktales in the relation between the storyteller and listener solidifies the 'integration' of the community.
The unfolding of the narration has the standard plot through the 'dynamic states'. The general unfolding of the folktales consists of the repertoires of the introduction, the middle and the ending. The repertoire of the introduction is very important as an element which symbolizes the begin of the narration and the repertoire of the middle is the concentrated connection for the continuous story-telling. The repertoire of the ending ensures the hero's happiness which will be remained eternally and at the same time, promotes to return from the fairyland to the reality.
If the individuality of each folk-tales which have common consciousness and factor is due to the pluralistic evolution (development) theory, the similarity of the type and form which we can observe generally in Romanian folktales results from the transmission and diffusion. From this point of view, the analysis of the hero's function and the unfolding of narration accepts, on one hand, 'the Aarne-Thompson's Classification' and 'V. Propp's Morphology of the folktale' for the universality and on the other hand, 'Lazăr Şăinenu's Typology' for the distinction. The result of these accepted theories will be a criterion through which we can understand the indigenous structures and types of Romanian folktale.
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