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  Arguing that CP, but not TP, is a phase, Chomsky (2005) claims that T can only attract the subject DP by virtue of inheriting the φ-features from C. Under the assumption that all operations are initiated by a phase head, Chomsky argues that internal Merge and Agree apply in parallel. Modifications in this direction has the advantage of reducing all the chains derived by movement to uniform chains, and dispensing with the problematic EPP in favor of the edge feature of a phase head.
  Claiming that only completed chains are invisible to the probes of the phase head, Chomsky provides an account for the extractability out of the subject. His intuitive idea is that once a subject DP is raised out of v* phase, it can be subject to subsequent raising or extraction. In this regard, we have observed some problematic aspects of Chomsky"s accounts, suggesting plausible clues to the resolution of the problems, but leaving them for open questions.

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