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The aim of this study is to examine the cultural and historical roots of Johann Amos Comenius(1592-1670)'s educational thought. The 17th century was a period of both great disorders and dramatical ref...
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The aim of this study is to examine the cultural and historical roots of Johann Amos Comenius(1592-1670)'s educational thought. The 17th century was a period of both great disorders and dramatical reforms. And the distinctive features of this century became the background of Comenius's thought. He called his philosophical system Pansophy, a system which strived to integrate all knowledge for the betterment of mankind. It was a kind of an encyclopaedia, an integration of all knowledge that would combine everything that was necessary for a better life for all people.
Most of all, the Unity of Brethren had a profound impact on Comenius Pansophy. Comenius was born in Moravia. He was Protestants and belonged either to the Unity of Brethren, a church founded on the principles laid down by John Huss. Comenius obeyed the percepts of the Unity of Brethren, the ideals and teachings of anti-dogmatical realign and morality. And the percepts were his educational aims and values.
Second, Protestantism also had a great influence on Comenius's Pansophy. Luther and Calvin insisted that education was a universal subject and so all man had to have a primary education. The significance of education in Protestantism laid in the human reason to understand Bible, the Word. Comenius also understand the significance of education for all Protestant to know all knowledge(Pampaedia) and he believed that the foundation of that education was Bible.
Third, the educational philosophy of Humanism also reflected Comenius's thought. The education of the 15-16th century European Humanistic tradition get intoCiceronianism, Verbalism. But also, Humanism made a contribution to the educational reform to the new discovery of human, humanistic method of discipline, various curriculum and methodology of education. And this special features of humanism made Comenius to approach the more professional subject of education to reform the school system and curriculum.
Fourth, Realism also great impression on Comenius thought. In Herborn, Comenius began to form his sensual realism. There were universities where Protestants could study and it was there that Comenius met figures who were influencing the 17th century scientific, theological, and philosophical thought, Johann Heinrich Alsted, Wolfgang Ratke, and Francis Bacon. All of whom had a profound impact on Comenius's great emphasis on sense perception. Yet, ultimately the emphasis was to grow people to the children of God.
After all, His complex philosophical underpinnings would get him to develop his ideas, which he would work into a system of philosophy of education, Pansophy. Comenius tried to emphasize Pansophy not to include only factual knowledge but an introduction into the knowledge about the whole world, Nature-Man-God. And his life, practice also come to be the critical factor that his thought had a great educational significance and meaning of the world stage.
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Abstract