17세기는 혼란의 시기임과 동시에 변화의 시기였으며, 이러한 시대적 특징은 코메니우스(J. A. Comenius) 사상의 배경을 이루었다. 무엇보다 코메니우스 사상의 기저는 기독교 신앙이었고, 형제단 교회의 비교조적인 종교적.도덕적 이상과 가르침에 따라 교육의 목적과 가치를 설정해 나갔다. 여기에 더해 그는 종교 개혁기를 대표하는 여러 사상가들의 영향에 힘입어 아동의 신체적.정신적 발달을 보장할 교육 토대에 대한 새롭고도 다양한 방안을 제시하였다. 또한 인문주의 사상가들의 영향과 교사와 학교 운영자로서의 개인적 경험에서 학교교육과정의 내용과 운영상의 개혁에 대한 문제들에 집중하게 되었다. 그리고 그의 시대의 과학발전을 반영한 교육의 실재주의적 흐름 속에서 교육방법의 혁신적 원칙들을 얻어내게 된다. 이와 같이 다양한 이론적 흐름은 코메니우스 사상의 바탕을 형성하여 그의 범지학(Pansophy)과 범교육(Pampaedia)의 성립과 실천으로 이어졌다. 그러나 코메니우스의 범지학 체계는 이론적 종합에 그친 것이 아니라, 그 자신이 실천적 교육가이었기에 생명력 있는 실천적 체험의 산물들이 더해져, 후대의 교육 개혁가들에게 더욱 설득력을 갖게 되었다고 할 수 있을 것이다.

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The aim of this study is to examine the cultural and historical roots of Johann Amos Comenius(1592-1670)'s educational thought. The 17th century was a period of both great disorders and dramatical reforms. And the distinctive features of this century became the background of Comenius's thought. He called his philosophical system Pansophy, a system which strived to integrate all knowledge for the betterment of mankind. It was a kind of an encyclopaedia, an integration of all knowledge that would combine everything that was necessary for a better life for all people.
Most of all, the Unity of Brethren had a profound impact on Comenius Pansophy. Comenius was born in Moravia. He was Protestants and belonged either to the Unity of Brethren, a church founded on the principles laid down by John Huss. Comenius obeyed the percepts of the Unity of Brethren, the ideals and teachings of anti-dogmatical realign and morality. And the percepts were his educational aims and values.
Second, Protestantism also had a great influence on Comenius's Pansophy. Luther and Calvin insisted that education was a universal subject and so all man had to have a primary education. The significance of education in Protestantism laid in the human reason to understand Bible, the Word. Comenius also understand the significance of education for all Protestant to know all knowledge(Pampaedia) and he believed that the foundation of that education was Bible.
Third, the educational philosophy of Humanism also reflected Comenius's thought. The education of the 15-16th century European Humanistic tradition get intoCiceronianism, Verbalism. But also, Humanism made a contribution to the educational reform to the new discovery of human, humanistic method of discipline, various curriculum and methodology of education. And this special features of humanism made Comenius to approach the more professional subject of education to reform the school system and curriculum.
Fourth, Realism also great impression on Comenius thought. In Herborn, Comenius began to form his sensual realism. There were universities where Protestants could study and it was there that Comenius met figures who were influencing the 17th century scientific, theological, and philosophical thought, Johann Heinrich Alsted, Wolfgang Ratke, and Francis Bacon. All of whom had a profound impact on Comenius's great emphasis on sense perception. Yet, ultimately the emphasis was to grow people to the children of God.
After all, His complex philosophical underpinnings would get him to develop his ideas, which he would work into a system of philosophy of education, Pansophy. Comenius tried to emphasize Pansophy not to include only factual knowledge but an introduction into the knowledge about the whole world, Nature-Man-God. And his life, practice also come to be the critical factor that his thought had a great educational significance and meaning of the world stage.

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