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Oh, Eunjin. 2002. Fronting of back vowels in coronal contexts: a cross-language study Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 8.2. 239-254. This paper explores whether Chinese, French, and German with three high vowels pattern together in exhibiting a smaller degree of back vowel fronting in coronal contexts than English with only two high vowels This paper also investigates the English syllables produced by Chinese, French, and German speakers, and see whether Chinese, French, and German speakers of English increase the degree of fronting when they produce English. The results indicated that the target F2 values of the vowel [u] were higher in English than in Chinese, French, or German, and the undershoot values of the vowel in the context of the coronal consonants were larger in English than in other languages tested. The Chinese, French, or German speakers mostly produced a higher vowel target F2 and larger amounts of vowel undershoot for English than for their native language. As far as experience effects were concerned, the data suggested that the speakers in the beginners' groups were just as good as the speakers in the advanced groups in producing the correct English vowel targets, but the advanced speakers achieved better coarticulation than the beginning speakers The results indicate that the production of phonological targets is not automatically followed by the proper degree of coarticulation and that they have to be independently learned. This may represent information that becomes part of the grammar of a language. As well as the static aspects of coarticulation, language-specific dynamic patterns of coarticulation do not follow automatically from the acquisition of phonological targets and speakers have to learn them independently. (Ewha Womans University)

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