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The purpose of this study is to identify the possibility of using the equating method for producing individual change scores and to explore what difference that makes in individual scores. The data us...
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The purpose of this study is to identify the possibility of using the equating method for producing individual change scores and to explore what difference that makes in individual scores. The data used in this study were the results from 236 7th graders who responded to a questionnaire on students' attitude towards mathematics over five times. The equating methods used in this study were Tucker's linear equating, equi-percentile equating, ability parameter equating, and true score equating and inverse true score equating. A nonequivalent-groups design was used to reflect the changes between five measurements instead of a single-group design. The half of the items were regarded as an anchor-test to use the equating method. In particular, the individual change scores estimated through the five different equating methods were compared with the repeated measures obtained from the whole test. The findings of the research are as follows: First, through repeated measures including anchor items and by applying five equating methods to the data, individual change scores were produced. Second, the means and standard deviations of individual change scores over time were different depending on the six methods. The most sensitive method reflecting the difference was the true score equating method and the least one was the inverse true score equating method. Third, equating methods can be differentiated in terms of whether the method changes the sequence of subjects' scores or not, and whether it transforms subjects' scores into curvilinear relationship or linear relationship. Fourth, there found some differences in initial status, slope and fitness when the latent variable growth modeling was applied to individual change scores calculated by the six methods for producing individual change scores. Further studies, however, are required to investigate whether it's possible to apply how to calculate individual change scores using equating methods to achievement tests and how the difference in the subjects' scores between measurements and the ratio of anchor items affect the equating error.
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ABSTRACT