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Public education and fundamental rights must be clearly defined when discussing whether public education is a federal fundamental or constitutional right. The characterization and definitions of these...
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Public education and fundamental rights must be clearly defined when discussing whether public education is a federal fundamental or constitutional right. The characterization and definitions of these rights become critical in constitutional analysis. Public education is largely the province of state and local governments. While the U.S. Constitution does not explicitly mention education, most state constitutions contain clauses concerning education.
About twenty years ago the U.S. Supreme Court In San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez refused to recognize a fundamental federal right to public education. Until recently the point seemed closed. However, the Court's recent approach to rights in Lawrence v. Texas may re-open the debate on federal level. States courts historically have followed a more flexible approach, often finding a fundamental right to public education under state constitutions.
This article is an attempt to explore the fundamentality of a right to education in the U.S. Constitutional law, that is, the possibilities for a constitutional basis for a federal right to education, in light of the cases concerning about education of the federal Supreme Court.
As to the structure of the article, in Chapter ¥°, ¥° provide a brief description of constitutional system and legal debates of federal and states in respect of rights to education.
In Chapter ¥±, ¥° explore the approach to assess a purported fundamental right. In addition, briefly sketch the history of fundamental rights jurisprudence and suggest its applicability to fundamental rights analysis.
In Chapter ¥², ¥° discuss the early development of U.S. public education and how the federal government deals with questions regarding a right to education.
In Chapter ¥³, ¥° outline and analyze the federal court approach and treatment of educational rights.
In Chapter ¥´, ¥° explore the fundamentality of a right to education in the U.S. Constitutional law, that is, the possibilities for a constitutional basis for a federal right to education.
In conclusion, ¥° suggest that while placing appropriate emphasis on the importance of education, the best approach that respects federalism issues and the competences of the judiciary is for the federal judiciary to state clearly that there is a fundamental right to some basic level of education and that the states have to determine and enforce this level.
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