Korean Gapping constructions are examined in this paper, following Johnson (1994, 2003) and Lopez and Winkler (2003). Based on the observation that the Korean honorific si appears in the second conjunct only, it is argued that the operation AGREE takes place in the second conjunct while the ATB movement occurs out of both conjuncts. The first conjunct is accordingly analyzed as the vP conjunct where si never appears. It is claimed that Nominative Case in the gapped conjunct is a default case. The CSC violation does not occur in Korean Gapping due to the weak EPP features which do not raise the subject to the Spec, TP. The negation scope and NPI facts are discussed to show that Gapping is the vP/NegP coordination rather than the CP coordination. The binding facts are argued for the vP coordination analysis against Sohn (2001). The residue of Gapping constructions including wh-phrases and topicalized phrases is analyzed to provide evidence for the vP coordination.

The long-term phonological change of the mid back vowel /o/ reveals that there exists a core-periphery structure in the Korean lexicon. Historical data show that the change has already taken place in most of the native Korean but not in most of the Sino-Korean vocabulary. The current variation is found in a few grammatical affixes and a handful of Sino-Korean nouns but never in foreign borrowings. The three problematic facts, (1) a few changed Sino-Korean words, (2) a few unchanged native words, and (3) the low degree of raising in the morpheme -ko can be accounted for by positing core (vernacular) and peripheral (literary & foreign) strata in the lexicon.

This paper investigates children's production errors involving consonant substitute and deletion in the acquisition of Korean. The data were longitudinally collected from 4 children, 2-year-old raised in a monolingual standard Korean environment. Most of the previous analyses accounted for the consonants deletion by the high ranked No-Coda constraint in child language. In this paper, however, it is shown that certain consonants deletion and substitute are triggered by Agree(pl) constraint which demands consonant clusters agree in place of articulation. Agree(pl) along with other universal constraints and their ranking can uniformly explain seemingly different phonological modifications. This indicates that Agree(pl), but not No-Coda, is a dominant markedness constraint in the initial stages of grammar. Each child will differ from others in its ranking of relevant faithfulness constraints, as the children's preferred methods of satisfying Agree(pl) are not identical.

Bumo Mountain Castle(父母山城) is a stone castle in the form of a castle on the peak by the center of peak part of Bumo mountain located in the west in Chungju(淸州). Excavation investigation was made by Jungwon cultural properties(中原文化財硏究院) researcher (foundation) in 2004. As a result of the investigation, north gate in form of attic gate and a waterway were identified, and irons like kinds of tiles, potters, an iron saucer on which a door pivots ways related to castle gate and so on as relics were excavated. Many plain roof-tiles in Baek-je period(百濟時代) were collected in the upper-side river drift of north gate and a waterway, and among them, it was mainly from Wongjin-period(熊津期)of Baekje to Sabi-period(泗?期), and stamped-roof tiles(印刻瓦) were collected verified only in a height district in Baek-je. Stamped - Roof Tiles excavated in Bumo Mountain Castle are 30 items; “Jun(前)” inscription(17 items) and ‘Buk(北)’ inscription(2 items). In the manufacturing techniques of stamped - roof tiles, all clearly are striped ward. On the side, it was divided up one time completely, and the thickness is within 1.5cm in both a concave roofing tiles and a convex roofing tiles. Plus, inside of tiles, drapery wrapper and reed wrapper are used together as an agency between tilery and a clay tablet, and the traces observed that drapery wrapper and reed wrapper are used at the same time. Inside, to use a reed wrapper is a technical pattern which existed temporarily before and after Baek-je Sabi period. The form of engraving is 1 carving, round flat side and 1 letter. 5 carvings are used in tiles - ‘前’ ‘北’ ‘大’ and ‘patters’ 2. The contents of carving are estimated that ‘前’and ‘北’ are beautiful passages as central 5 sections and local 5 chambers. The places stamped - roof tiles are mainly excavated are at the center of Buyueo(夫餘) and Iksan(益山) and besides them, Kongju(公州), Kobu(古阜) considered as 5 bangsung(五方城) and downstream places of Seomjin river(蟾津江), Daejun(大田) and Gumsan(錦山), which are included in the border area with Shilla(新羅). It is verified in common that with technical characteristics to use a reed wrapper inside of plain roof-tiles in the places where stamped - roof tiles in the same form or beautiful passages, a recording chronicle of central remains age and excavated legacies are set in Baek-je Sabi period. Baek-je was constructing castles and maintaining castles in the main base castles nationwide. In this background, it is explained that letters like ‘Jun(前)’ ‘Buk(北)’ and so forth are carved in a seal to inscribe directors, offices and construction subject and stamped in a tile.

This paper reilluminates the role of resyllabification across morpheme boundaries. One of the contingent problems in Optimality. Theory is how resyllabification is interpreted in the theory. As the analysis in OT is based on the output structure, interpretation of intermediate syllabification has not been an easy program in OT, In this paper, we will adopt the concept of ambisyllabicity in Kahn 1976, and show that ambisyllabicity actually takes place across a PrWd juncture in both Korean and English when we consider the data for Coda Neutralization and Palatalization in Korean on the one hand and the data for Flapping in American English. Furthermore, we are going to suggest that ambisyllabicity also takes place across Root boundaries in Sino-Korean. Based on these, we will show that intermediate syllabification and resyllabification can be reinterpreted in Optimality Theory without positing an intermediate stage.

Kim, Hyoung-youb. 1997. A Study on Inflection in Korean. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 3, 77-97. This paper is to show that inflection in Korean should be reconsidered to account for the redundant distribution of a nominative honorific suffix and a nominative case marker in the same word. According to the analysis based on morphosyntax the combination of these suffixes in the same word doesn't have to occur in any case. However, as Sells (1995) has shown the two suffixes are allowed to be combined without causing any grammatical problems in Korean. In this paper I will show that these suffixes are not included in the same category in order to support the appearance of these suffixes in the same word. Based on Booij (1995) and MarIe (1995) the honorific suffixes such as '-kkeyse, -kkey' will be classified as inherent inflection, while other suffixes such as case markers and topic markers will be classified as contextual inflection. Thus, the combination of an honorific suffix and a case marker would cause no problems because they are included in different categories, which possess different morphological functions. (Korea University at Seochang Campus)

Kim Wonbo. 1999. Verb suffixation -an/-an Alternation in Cheju Dialect. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 5, 105-122. The purpose of this paper is to show that verb suffixation -an/-an alternation in Cheju dialect is a vowel harmony phenomenon between a vowel in a verb stem and either a vowel "a" or "a" in verb suffixation -an/ -an. To do so, I will account for the verb suffixation -an/-an alternation in Cheju dialect on the basis of underspecified hierarchical feature organization. (Cheju National University)

The Buddhistic gilt bronze sculpture, donated by Shin Myo, the 4th year of region period Gyeng which has correct excavated area and inscription takes possession of important position as Koguryo chronological era, buddhism contents and buddhist sculpture style. So I analyzed buddhist sculpture into various aspects, because despite its importance, studies about them were not activated. First of all, in chapter Ⅱ, I present interpretation of inscription which I researched personally. I confirmed the fact that ‘景’, which had been a point of dispute, is Koguryo chronological era. I regarded “景”, for a word what had been ordinally thought, as two words, “景□” or “□景”. It must be sculptured by omitting. In chapter Ⅲ, the word “賤奴” in the inscription interpreted the characteristic of Koguryo Buddhism which had been formed by interchange with South Dynasties in China. Also, according to my own interpretation of inscription, I pointed out that the names are different from public peace for dead persons to desirous buddhist sculpture. That is, Amitabha and Maitreya which was not only the things for desire were not the Buddhist Elysium phase, but also it was derived from Buddihism influence of North Wei Dynasty. Rather, it seemed that they adored Amitabha and Maitrya at the same time under the influence of South Dynasty Buddihism. In chapter Ⅳ, I mentioned concretely examples of North Dynasties Buddhist sculpture and Shantung Province Buddhist sculpture on the basis of existing studies that it had been presented the connection between North Dynasties and Shantung province by structures of Sataues of Buddha with nimbus. I confirmed that the Buddhistic gilt bronze sculpture, donated by Shin Myo, the 4th year of region period Gyeng is more closer relation with North Dynasties Buddhist sculpture, especially Shantung Province Buddhist sculpture rather than South Dynasties Buddhist sculpture as style of halo and sculpture. In chapter Ⅴ, I tried to testify the reason that Buddhist sculpture style of Koguryo appeared strong influences of Shantung Province in Buddhist sculpture style, and I hoped to explain the reason is the sea route. Koguryo passed through Shantung Province area when they visited North Dynasties and South Dynasties. Because of the geological reasons, Koguryo sculpture was involved influences of Shantung Province Buddhist sculpture. The Buddhistic gilt bronze sculpture, donated by Shin Myo, the 4th year of region period Gyeng is a Buddhist sculpture of Koguryo, and it could be thought the thing from 571 year through its Buddhist sculpture style. It still was showed the old style, East Wei Dynasty than the style of North Qi Dynasty that had a great vogue at that time. The Buddhism which was included in this Buddhist sculpture had more closer relationship with South Dynasties, but Buddhist sculpture style and structure is more on Shantung Province Buddhist sculpture. In conclusion, we can read both aspects of North Dynasties and South Dynasties in Koguryo Buddhism on the 6th century through the Buddhistic gilt bronze sculpture, donated by Shin Myo, the 4th year of region period Gyeng.

The purpose of this article is to present an analysis for locative inversion constructions in Korean. It will be argued that the inversion involves A- movement, and proposed that movement of the locative to SpecυP and subsequently to SpecTP is triggered by the optional EPP-features on υ and T (Bowers 2002, Collins 1997). A theoretical implication will be addressed with respect to Case-valuing and Φ-agreement. Furthermore, it will be proposed that the inverted constituent is, in fact, Kase Phrase (KP) selecting PP, based on the fact that the fronted locative displays certain nominal properties in Korean.

The cross-linguistic variations in passivization of ditransitive verb phrases are given a locality-based analysis. We show that passivization of the lower internal argument is possible only when two types of locality circumvention strategies are utilized. We, in particular, propose that escape hatch type of locality circumvention strategy responsible for the observed passivization asymmetry can be explained in terms of (anti-)locality. The variations in passivization patterns are yielded by interaction between applicative (VP) structures and movement constraints, namely standard locality and anti-locality. (Anti-)locality also confirms the distribution of phases in applicative heads.

Motivated by the fact that simplification strategies in resolving English complex clusters by second (foreign) language learners differ depending on studies, this paper investigates the repair strategies employed by Korean speakers of English in the acquisition of English biconsonantal coda clusters. To this end, the paper examines the possible full range of coda cluster sequences in English. The results show that simplification strategies such as inserting a vowel or deleting a consonant are influenced by the subgrouping of the cluster sequences: obstruent only sequences, sonorant-plus-obstruent sequences, and sonorant only sequences. Based on the different results from each subgroup, the paper provides a constraint-based analysis in conjunction with P-map. Specifically, it is shown that universal markedness, P-map effects, and language transfer effects interact with one another. That is, Complex leads to vowel epenthesis or consonant deletion and the interaction between P-map constraints and constraints from the native language transfer determines a vowel insertion site, whereas universal feature-specific faithfulness constraints decide which consonant deletes. Likewise, the alternative ranking between the P-map constraint Max(C₂) and Contiguity determines the survival of one consonant over the other in sonorant only coda sequences.